The stock market got all excited yesterday by big acquisitions announced by Xerox (XRX) and Abbot Laboratories (ABT). Xerox announced that it would buy Affiliated Computer Services (ACS) for $5.7 billion in cash and Abbot said it would buy the drugs business of Solvay (SVYSY) for $6.6 billion in cash.
That news helped stocks reverse recent weakness with the Standard & Poor’s 500 closing up 1.8% and the Dow Jones Industrial Average climbing 1.3%. The two deals, coming after news of acquisitions like Dell’s (DELL) $3.9 billion cash offer for Perot Systems (PER).
Now I can understand why the market as a whole would get excited at the news. Mergers and acquisitions push up stock prices. Dell, for example, has offered a 70% premium to buy Perot Systems.
But the recent trend in technology acquisitions worries me. The deals suggest a, what shall I call it, lack of strategic vision. At best we can hope that it’s just Xerox and Dell that are running in fear to strategies that have worked for competitors over the last decade. At worst, it’s a sign that the biggest companies in the sector are running out of growing room.
Dell’s purchase of Perot and Xerox’s purchase of Affiliated Computer Systems have a lot in common.
In both cases hardware companies are buying service companies. That makes sense on one level since the service business is growing faster than the hardware business, it’s more profitable than the hardware business, and the revenue stream is more stable and predictable.
How do we know that? Because first IBM (IBM) and then Hewlett-Packard (HPQ) have already gone down this road and demonstrated that it leads to an improved bottom line.
 IBM is the pioneer of this strategy. Under CEO Sam Palmisano, who took over that slot in 2002, IBM has made more than 50 software and service acquisitions. And in the process the company has seen revenue grow by 37% and, this is the really attractive part of this strategy, pretax margins have climbed to 33% from 22%, according to Morningstar.
In 2008 Hewlett-Packard adopted a similar strategy with the purchase of Electronic Data Systems for $13.9 billion in cash. Services are now one-third of Hewlett-Packard’s revenues, and, this is another really attractive feature of this strategy, the company’s service business was the only unit at Hewlett-Packard to grow revenue during the company’s July quarter. Yep, service revenue does hold up better when growth is slow than hardware.
So you can see why Dell and Xerox want to go down this path. But you sure can’t give them any points for originality. And you have to worry about the how long it took these two companies to see the writing on IBM’s walls. Hewlett-Packard had a hard enough challenge as the second company down the trail that IBM blazed. But Dell and Xerox are going to be No. 3 and No. 4. And they’ll be at least a year behind Hewlett-Packard.
(And, of course, IBM isn’t standing still. In July the company purchased SPSS (SPSS), a maker of advanced analytic software that will increase IBM’s ability to mine data for its biggest corporate clients.)
And you’ve got to wonder at the quality of the companies that Dell and Xerox are buying. Perot Systems, the company that Ross Perot founded in 1988 after he sold Electronic Data Systems to General Motors (GM) in 1984, doesn’t have nearly the scale of Electronic Data Systems. That company has been around building its client list since 1962.
Affiliated Computer Systems, the company Xerox is buying, is a leader in back-office outsourcing. That gives the company a solid overlap with Xerox since a lot of back office work involves electronic documents and their printing and storage. But this isn’t exactly the platform that Xerox can use to transform a struggling hardware company into an integrated provider of hardware, software, and services.
That‘s the model that IBM has used so successfully and that Hewlett-Packard is equipped to duplicate. Dell and Xerox are paying a lot of money in deals that will barely edge them down the path.
Wall Street fully expects that other hardware and software companies—Cisco Systems (CSCO) and Oracle (ORCL) are the two names I’ve heard most often—are looking to make service acquisitions too. The short list of acquisition candidates includes Computer Sciences (CSC) and Accenture (ACN).
Jim – you need to dig into a little history. IBM has a decades long involvement in services stretching back to its Federal Services but jump-starting in the ’90s with ISSC. Gerstner shifted IBM toward a services strategy ~1994/95 while downsizing and transforming the hardware business. For years IBM had a large but moribund software business which has since been rationalized and transformed by Steve Mills. If you’ll read their reports carefully profits are now evenly balanced between HW, SW and Services but the most profitable is SW, it’s the only organic growth source and is the engine that’s driving the other two components. The jury’s out on whether or not HPQ can get similar synergies and when. There’s a theme here – Perot Systems is large-scale services while Dell has been talking but not executing on services built up from PCs. There’s an enormous amount of inside baseball that one needs to dig thru.